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| Tatsuka Ito |
 Posted: Jan 12, 2007 12:00 am |
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フレンジャー
Joined: 28 Nov 2006
Posts: 918
Location: Surrey,Canada
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Ok, so everyone dont laugh. She already speaks punjabi/hindi and english and she wants to learn itlaian,korean and japanese? this girl got some problems!
dont worry, im not serious about korean or italian. But i want to gain a little under my belt.Besides this might be nice for you! ok, so. Korean grammar is just like japanese, it has all japanese sounds, but thats where the similarity ends. Vocab, is almost completely unrelated. Korean has about 10 extra sounds, that are hard to pronounce. And to top it off, the have a very different alphabet. I think many of you will like korean, and maybe learn it instead. So, after the next post we will learn hangul--the korean systme of writing (with pronounciation to boot!) |
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| tsumetai.ame |
| Posted: Jan 12, 2007 12:10 am |
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Planetarium
Joined: 07 Apr 2006
Posts: 706
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| Oh that's kind of interesting! I always thought Korean was a cool language, since recently daily I watch a Korean drama. I can't wait for the next post. |
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| davedim |
| Posted: Jan 12, 2007 12:11 am |
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フレンジャー
Joined: 24 Oct 2006
Posts: 934
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나는 한국어를 공부한다. (I'm learning Corean)
나는 너를 돕l 것이다. (I can help you)
저는 한국 어를 못합니다. (I can't speak it very well though)
한국 어를 하십니까? (Do you actually speak Corean?) |
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| Tatsuka Ito |
| Posted: Jan 12, 2007 12:59 am |
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フレンジャー
Joined: 28 Nov 2006
Posts: 918
Location: Surrey,Canada
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Vowels:
ㅏ=ah Romanization: a
ㅓ=lawn Romanization: eo
ㅗ=Japanese "O" Romanizaiton: o
ㅜ=oo, just like japanese, dont round lips Romanization: u
ㅡ=pu]t Romanization: eu
ㅣ=ee Romanization: i
*ㅔ=main Romanization: e
*ㅐ=pan Romanization:ae
*They are both pronounced "e" (as in they) in modern korean
Y-vowels:
ㅑ=ya
ㅕ=yeo
ㅛ=yo
ㅠ=yu
*ㅖ=ye
*ㅒ=yae
ㅚ
*Both are pronounced "ye" in modern korean
Dipithongs:
ㅘ=wa
ㅝ=weo
ㅙ=*wae
ㅞ=*we
ㅢ=Put your lips in position to say "ee". Your lips will be stretched horizontally and you'll be smiling Keep your lips in the "ee" position. With the rest of your mouth, say "oo".
ㅟ=wi
ㅚ ＝ｏｅ
*Both "we"
Next: Consonants, and spelling rules. |
Last edited by Tatsuka Ito on Jan 16, 2007 3:21 pm; edited 2 times in total |
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| short+simple |
| Posted: Jan 12, 2007 7:40 am |
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大好きだよ。
Joined: 11 May 2006
Posts: 267
Location: Melbourne
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| this sounds fun..but please someone..just hit me with a textbook, a tape and a really good looking korean guy...=) |
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| davedim |
| Posted: Jan 12, 2007 10:15 am |
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フレンジャー
Joined: 24 Oct 2006
Posts: 934
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Just listing hangul like that won't really help anyone...
You should probably explain how to write it down before going any further... |
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| Tatsuka Ito |
| Posted: Jan 12, 2007 1:31 pm |
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フレンジャー
Joined: 28 Nov 2006
Posts: 918
Location: Surrey,Canada
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I think they should know what sounds they make before i start teaching the spelling rules
Consonants:
These are kinda confusing. unlike vowels, which are pretty straightforward, and dont have much of an irregularity, consonants are filled with them. not mention pronounciation isnt as easy.....
ㄱ=cross between a k and g sound, its SEMI-aspirated
ㅋ=like above, except this is more aspirate, so it sounds like "k"
ㄴ=n
ㄷ=SEMi-aspirated d/t like sound
ㅌ=like the above, except more asiprate, so it sounds like "t"
ㄹ=Japanese "r"
ㅁ=m
ㅂ=SEMI aspirate, b/p like sound
ㅍ =aspirate above, so sounds like "p"
ㅅ=s
ㅇ=ng
ㅈ=j
ㅊ=aspirate j
ㅎ=h
Glottalized and double letters:
These letters the equvalent to putting a small tsu in front of kana in japanese. Problem is, alot more words are started with these kind of sounds than in japanese. So if you know how to pronounce a small tsu at the beginning of word, that will help here:
ㄲ=double ㄱ
ㄸ=doubleㄷ
ㅃ=doubleㅂ
ㅆ=doubleㅅ
ㅉ=doubleㅈ
Writing rules:
Now, before we move onto irregularites, you need to learn how to read.
Korean writing is base don syllables. For each syllable, the letters in that syllable need to be combined to form a sqaure
Combo 1: Consonant and verticle vowel
ok, so.look at the vowels list. You see some vowels go up and, and some go side to side. Here, we so how to make sounds with vertical vowels:
Place vertical vowel to RIGHT of consonant
ㄴ+ㅏ= 나 na
now, if you want to go consonant+vertical+consonant the comb changes:
ㅎ+ㅏ=하+ㄴ=한 han
place the consonant under the above 2 letters
Combo 2: Horizontal vowels:
These are simple. Just put the vowel under the consonant:
그 keu
To put another consonant, just put it under the above vowel:
글 keul
And now we have our first word! 한글 han-keul (hangeul) =korean alphabet!
Combo 3: Combonation with dipothongs:
its kind of confusing. The consonant goes on top oh the line, and to the left of the stick, ex:
ㅎ+ㅘ=화 hwa
Spelling rules:
Median,intial and final consonants-- There 5 consonants that change pronounciation based on where in the syllable they are:
ㄹ=before a vowel it is japanese r,followed by a consonant or at the end of a word, it is "l"
ㅅ=when written with vowel "i" to form 시 it is pronounced "shi", at the end of a word it is pronounced "t" as in wet
ㄷ=before a vowel, d, followed by a consonant and at the end of a word it is "t"
ㅂ=before a vowel, it is "B", followed by consonant or at the end of a word it "p"
ㄱ=at the end of a word and at the beginnig of a word (before vowel) it sounds like "k", in the median position, or when followed by a consonant it is "g"
Now you are wondering "what if a word starts with a vowel?" for that, you must start the word with the silent ㅇ. at the end of a word, it is pronounced "ng" but at the beginning of word, its just there so that the word can begin with a vowel:
안녕
an nyeong
Final consonant clusters: ㄳ, ㄵ, ㄶ, ㄺ, ㄻ, ㄼ, ㄽ, ㄾ, ㄿ, ㅀ, ㅄ
Except for ㄺ, ㄻ, ㄼ, ㄽ, ㄾ, ㄿ, ㅀ (ones with ㄹ placed befre another consonant), when followed by another consonant or nothing, the second consonant of the cluster becomes silent. This second consonant will come alive when there is a vowel after it.
값 = kap "price"
값 + 과 = kap kwa "price and"
값 + 이 = kapsi "price (with a subject particle)"
Final clusters with 'ㄹ+consonant' formation are pronounced with slight irregularity. As for ㄺ, ㄻ, ㄼ, ㄾ, ㄿ, the foregoing liquid sound [ㄹ] of the cluster is ignored when followed by another consonant or nothing. This ㄹ comes alive when the cluster is followed by another vowel. However, Seoul speakers (and many other regions too) tend to throw in a touch of liquid sound for the ㄹ even when the cluster is followed by a consonant or nothing.
삶 = sa(l)m "a living"
삶 + 이 = sal mi "a living (with a subject particle)"
In clusters ㄽ and ㅀ, however, [ㄹ] is alive even when followed by another consosnant.
끓 + 고 = kku^l k'o "boil and.."
Irregularities in spelling:
ㅋ, ㄲ
both of these characters will sound like ㄱ before another consonant or at the end of a word. But for this example, that isn't so much of a difference. How about this one though?
ㅈ, ㅅ, ㅆ,ㅉ, ㅊ
Now, all of these will sound like ㄷ before another consonant or at the end of a word. That makes more of a difference. Even though ㅅ gives an s sound normally, it will sound like a d or t if it occurs before another consonant or at the end of a word. If it occurs before a vowel, it will sound like an s.
ㅃ ㅍ
These will sound like ㅂ. See a pattern? ㅂ, ㅃ, and ㅍ are all made by closing your lips. Notice the pattern in the two sets above? One includes characters that are made in the back of the throat, while the other includes characters that are made with the tongue behind the teeth on the roof of the mouth. If you remember this pattern, you should not forget which characters end with a ㄱ, ㅂ, or ㄷ sound. Now, how about some real examples.
맛 mat
맛은 mas-un
앞 ap
앞에 ap-e (with more air on the p)
꽃 Goht
꽃이 Gohch-ee
Keep in mind, if a syllable begins with the Hangul character ㅇ following these rules, we treat it as if the syllable begins with a vowel (since it is unheard). So, a better way to put it would be if the character comes before another consonant sound or at the end of a word, then it will be reduced to one of the three basic consonants. This is the first irregular to keep in mind. After the second irregularity, there will be some time to practice a little bit before continuing.
The second Irregularity
The second irregularity involves changing the sound of a few characters if it comes before certain other characters. The main thing to watch for is the second character. There are two of them and they are both consonants. They are
ㅁ, ㄴ
These two characters are known as nasal sounds. Basically, the reason for this irregularity is it makes the words flow better. If ㄱ, ㄲ, ㅋ any of the "throat" sounds occur before one of these two consonants, it will change to an "ng" sound, as if it was the consonant ㅇ. Notice why it changes to that? That is a throat sound as well, and let's the word flow better. In writing it will keep the original spelling, but when spoken it will reflect the change.
ㅂ, ㅃ, ㅍ any of the sounds made by closing your lips will change to the ㅁ sound before either of these two consonants. Notice how saying 함니다 flows a lot better than saying 합니다? It just flows better, as with the above case. ㅁ is also made by closing the lips.
The last cases are all the sounds made by placing the tip of the tongue on the roof of the mouth. ㅅ, ㅆ, ㅈ, ㅉ, ㅊ, ㄷ, ㄸ get the picture? These will change to the ㄴ sound before an ㅁ or an ㄴ. ㄴ is also made with the tongue in a similar position. here are some examples.
합니다 - This is pronounced hamnida, as opposed to hapnida.
학년 - this is pronounced hang-nyon, as opposed to hak-nyon
먹네 - This is pronounced mong-ne, as opposed to mok-ne
있는 - This is pronounced ee-nun, as opposed to eet-nun (notice the t at the end? That would be the case following irregularity rule number one, but because it comes before ㄴ, it sounds like an ㄴ).
These two rules are the main two irregularities you will run into. Most other irregularities are much smaller, and not as common. They tend to be specific to a single character, and not a group of characters.
The next irregularity deals with the characterㄹ This character has a few irregular forms that you will see. I personally believe if you know irregular forms above this, you will be able to pronounce most anything reasonably well.
If ㄹ is between vowel sounds, it will sound like a rolling "r" like in spanish or japanese. If this makes it difficult for you like that, just think of it sounding like a quick d or t sound. It is not the long rolling "r" sound you hear in spanish, just a short one click of the tongue.
Irregularities deal with when is falls next to certain characters. It will only begin a word if it is a loanword, in which case it will sound like the loanword. But it sometimes (rarely) will be the first consonant after another syllable ending in a consonant, such as 정로. When this is the case, it will sound like ㄴ. 정로 is pronounced chongno.
The second irregularity is if it is at the end/beginning of a syllable, and the other consonant it lies next to (end/beginning, whichever the ㄹ is not) is a ㄹ or an ㄴ. If it is an ㄹ, then it will be an "l" sound, like usual. But, if it is next to an ㄴ, as in 일년, it will still make an "l" sound. 일년 is pronounced eel-lyon, not eel-nyon. Try saying it both ways, you will see that eel-lyon flows a lot better.
ㅌ This character has one irregular form. It is simple as well. If ㅌ comes before 이, it is pronounced as if it were ㅊ, meaning with a "ch" sound. 같이 is pronounced ga-chee, not gat-ee.
ㅎ This is the final irregular form you will learn. Whenever this falls next to (end/beginning syllable combination) a sound such as ㄱ, ㄷ, ㅈ, or ㅂ, you will usually not hear the ㅎ sound and the ㄱ, ㄷ, ㅈ, or ㅂ sound will sound more like ㅋ,ㅌ,ㅊ,or ㅍ with more air. Some words in this situation are 놓다, 좋다, 괜찮다. |
Last edited by Tatsuka Ito on Jan 16, 2007 3:21 pm; edited 2 times in total |
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| davedim |
| Posted: Jan 13, 2007 4:58 pm |
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フレンジャー
Joined: 24 Oct 2006
Posts: 934
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Myabe, but remember that they make different sounds in certain combinations.
Just a few corrections and additions...
Tatsuka Ito wrote: Vowels:
ㅓ=lawn Romanization: eo
Not really.
That's actually closer to the sound in surgeon or maybe dungeon in my opinion. I can't hear that sound in lawn at all.
Tatsuka Ito wrote: Vowels:
ㅗ=Japanese "O" Romanizaiton: o
It is slightly different. Sounds like the "o" in hope, but a little more drawn out.
Tatsuka Ito wrote: Vowels:
ㄷ=SEMi-aspirated d/t like sound
Like in stab.
Tatsuka Ito wrote: Vowels:
ㄹ=Japanese "r"
No it isn't.
A Corean "r" is nothing like Japanese.
ㄹ is somewhere between 'l', 'r' and 'n'
Tatsuka Ito wrote: Vowels:
ㅅ = s
This is more like 'ss' in "hiss", but si is pronounced like 'shi' in 'ship'.
Tatsuka Ito wrote: Vowels:
ㅈ = j
ㅈ can sometimes be "ch". It's usually like 'g' in "gin".
And you should have linked to the page you got the information from.
It's a good site.
I use it too...
www.learnkoreanlanguage.com |
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| Tatsuka Ito |
| Posted: Jan 13, 2007 8:07 pm |
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フレンジャー
Joined: 28 Nov 2006
Posts: 918
Location: Surrey,Canada
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Grammar/문법
Verbs:
Theres are 5 basic verb forms:
Normal
Informal
Polite
Humble
Respect
I bet you can see the similarity between japanese already. Unlike how you learned japanese, we are not going to learn polite first (masu forms) we are oging to start with normal and informal. This is because that the order natives learn it, after all, as babies its not like your parents speak to you in honorifics.
Normal form:
All verbs end with 다. As in 먹다. take off 다 and you get 먹, the stem form.
How to make informal form of verb:
0.Take 다 off from a plain form
1. Add ㅏ to verbs with ㅏ,ㅗ vowels and without a final consonant.
2. Add ㅓ to verbs with ㅓ,ㅜ vowels and without a final consonant.
3. Add 아 to verbs with ㅏ,ㅗ vowels and with a final consonant.
4. Add 어 to verbs with ㅓ,ㅜ ,ㅣvowels and with a final consonant.
5. Change ㅣ to ㅕ for a verb with aㅣvowel.
6.Change ㅡ to ㅏ
7.To verb stems ending with ㅂ, drop the ㅂ and add워
8,If a verb stem ends in 르 (not justㅡ),You have to add an extra ㄹ to the syllable before it (unless it impossible) so 모르다 becomes 몰라
1. come = 오다 → 오 + ㅏ → 와
2. sleep = 자다 → 자 + ㅏ → 자
3. give = 주다 → 주 + ㅓ → 줘
4. play = 놀다 → 놀 + 아 → 놀아
5. cry = 울다 → 울 + 어 → 울어
6. hit = 치다 → ㅊ + ㅕ → 쳐
7.be busy=바쁘다→바빠
8.be hot=덥다 → 더+워=더워
Next: irregular verbies （Yes, i wrote verbies on purpose) |
Last edited by Tatsuka Ito on Jan 14, 2007 9:58 pm; edited 6 times in total |
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| davedim |
| Posted: Jan 13, 2007 8:11 pm |
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フレンジャー
Joined: 24 Oct 2006
Posts: 934
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Tatsuka Ito wrote:
Next: irregular verbies （Yes, i wrote verbies on purpose, does it annoy you? it does? thatS nice to hear)
Was that aimed at me Tatsuka?
Do you have a problem with being corrected?
You shouldn't make a thread called "Let's Learn Corean" if you're not willing to learn Corean.
I apologise if I misunderstood... but that's what it sounded like. |
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| Tatsuka Ito |
| Posted: Jan 13, 2007 9:00 pm |
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フレンジャー
Joined: 28 Nov 2006
Posts: 918
Location: Surrey,Canada
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| No no, i just got a bad reation once when i said that. |
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| davedim |
| Posted: Jan 14, 2007 7:58 am |
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フレンジャー
Joined: 24 Oct 2006
Posts: 934
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| Oh... well sorry about that... I think. |
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| ketsuko |
| Posted: Jan 14, 2007 10:54 am |
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Happy Days
Joined: 15 Oct 2006
Posts: 137
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| the korean chars looks like drawings... pretty interesting though (: |
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| Tatsuka Ito |
| Posted: Jan 14, 2007 2:23 pm |
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フレンジャー
Joined: 28 Nov 2006
Posts: 918
Location: Surrey,Canada
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davedim wrote: Oh... well sorry about that... I think.
THOUGH, i do disagree with your opinion on "eo", for example. the word "nyeoja/yeoja"
Also, if i did take offense to being corrected i would of just said "shut up youre wrong" but i didnt  (yes i am straight-forward and down to the point....)
Irregular verb in casual style:
aside from the copula, which will be covered later ,we have 2 irregular verbs:
하다=To do
있다=i only know how to express this japanese: ある
How to make casual forms:
하다 becomes 해
있다 becomes 있어
And thats it! NEXT: the verb "to be" and particles (yes korean has them! yay~!) and polite form! |
Last edited by Tatsuka Ito on Jan 14, 2007 2:54 pm; edited 3 times in total |
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| davedim |
| Posted: Jan 14, 2007 2:46 pm |
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フレンジャー
Joined: 24 Oct 2006
Posts: 934
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But the "aw" sound in lawn is nothing like the eo sound in yeoja.
The "eo" sound in surgeon isn't completely accurate either, but it's closer.
As far as I'm concerned, ㅓ is ㅓ.
Corean is one of those languages that is only possible to teach in person.
That's just my opinion though.
I'm still interested in seeing where you go with this next. |
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